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Hooke's Law specifically describes the linear relationship between the force exerted on a spring and the extension or compression of that spring, within its elastic limits. Mathematically, it can be represented as F = kx, where F is the force applied, k is the spring constant (a measure of the stiffness of the spring), and x is the extension from the original length of the spring. This law illustrates how springs behave when they are stretched or compressed, making it essential in various fields of physics and engineering when assessing material properties and the behavior of elastic materials.

The other options pertain to different physical principles: the relationship between mass and acceleration is outlined by Newton's Second Law of Motion; the relationship between energy and height is related to gravitational potential energy; and the relationship between speed and frequency involves concepts in wave motion rather than elastic deformation. Thus, the correct choice firmly aligns with the core definition of Hooke's Law.